DETERMINAN ATTENTION-DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) PADA ANAK DI PUSAT TERAPI DAN TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK TERAPEUTIK CIPUTAT TANGERANG SELATAN
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Abstrak dalam paragraf rata kiri kanan, Times New Roman, 10 pt, satu spasi, ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia, satu kolom penuh, maksimum 300 kata, mengandung intisari dari seluruh tulisan mengenai pendahuluan, tujuan, metode, dan hasil penelitian/pkm secara singkat. Prevalensi anak yang menderita Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas (GPPH) atau Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) di dunia sekitar 7,2% dari total populasi, sekitar 129 juta anak GPPH pada tahun 2015. Sedangkan di Indonesia, prevalensi GPPH meningkat setiap tahunnya sebesar 2,4% pada siswa sekolah dasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara riwayat genetik, gadget, paparan asap rokok, pola asuh, berat badan lahir dengan attention deficit disorder dan hyperactivity disorder. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan data primer (kuesioner) dan menggunakan metode cross sectional dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 52 anak yang berkunjung ke Pusat Terapi Anak dan Tumbuh Kembang Therapeutic Ciputat. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas sebanyak 41 responden (78,8%). Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai riwayat genetik (p=0,011), gadget (p=0,012), paparan asap rokok (p=0,017), pola asuh orang tua (p=0,012) dan berat badan lahir (p=0,014), hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan nilai p > 0,05 untuk variabel genetik, gadget dan paparan asap rokok memiliki nilai Exp B > 2, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat keluarga (genetik), gadget, paparan asap rokok, pola asuh orang tua, dan berat badan lahir dengan ADHD, dengan faktor yang memengaruhi yaitu riwayat keturunan, gadget dan paparan asap rokok. Saran diharapkan orangtua dapat mengenali factor risiko ADHD dan mengenali tanda ADHD pada anak agar mendapat itervensi dini ke tenaga kesehatan professional.
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of children suffering from Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the world is about 7.2% of the total population, about 129 million children with ADHD in 2015. As for Indonesia, the prevalence of ADHD increases every year by 2.4% in elementary school students. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between genetic history, gadgets, exposure to cigarette smoke, parenting pattern, birth weight and attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. This research method is a quantitative research that uses primary data (questionnaire) and uses a cross sectional method with the aim of determining the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. The number of samples was 52 children who visited the Ciputat Therapeutic Child Therapy and Growth and Development Center. From the results of the study, attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity were obtained by 41 respondents (78.8%). The results of the statistical test obtained genetic history values (p=0.011), gadgets (p=0.012), exposure to cigarette smoke (p=0.017), parenting style (p=0.012) and birth weight (p=0.014), the results of multivariate analysis showed a p-value of > 0.05 for genetic variables, gadgets and exposure to cigarette smoke had an Exp B > 2 value, so it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between family history (genetic), Gadgets, exposure to cigarette smoke, parenting, and weight are born with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity, with influencing factors such as family history (genetic), gadgets and exposure to cigarette smoke. Suggestions parents can recognize ADHD risk factors and recognize signs of ADHD in children so that they can get early intervention to health professionals.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
ADHD (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth. (2022). Kidshealth.org. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adhd.html
Adiputra, I., Sutarga, I., Pinatih, G., Wira, S., Ppni Bali, M., Program, S., Magister, I., Kesehatan, M., Universitas Udayana, Studi, P., Masyarakat, K., Kedokteran, F., Udayana, U., Ilmu, B., Komunitas, K., Kedokteran, I., Fakultas, P., Universitas Udayana, K., Medika, S., & Bali, P. (2015). Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 43 _ Juli. 3. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/21490-ID-risk-factors-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-among-children-in.pdf
Alma Rossabela Setyanisa, Yunias Setiawati, Irwanto Irwanto, Izzatul Fithriyah, & Satria Arief Prabowo. (2022). Relationship between Parenting Style and Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Elementary School Children. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Science, 29(4), 152–159. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29.4.14
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR). American Psychiatric Publishing.
Annisa Amalia Ikhsania. (2020, January 15). Kenali Penyebab dan Gejala ADHD pada Anak Usia Dini. Nutriclub.co.id; Nutriclub. https://www.nutriclub.co.id/artikel/kesehatan/2-tahun/tanda-perilaku-adhd?gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIipW_8eivhAMVkqlmAh0OYwB1EAAYASAAEgJBe_D_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds
CDC. (2022, July 26). Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/diagnosis.html
CDC. What is ADHD? [Internet]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021 [cited 2021 Dec 11]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/ADHD/ facts.html
CHADD. (2019, June 13). About ADHD - Symptoms, Causes and Treatment - CHADD. CHADD. https://chadd.org/about-ADHD/overview/
Faraone, S. V., & Larsson, H. (2019). Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 24(4), 562–575. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0070-0
Fitriani. DD, Kasumawati. F, Lestari. RTR, Herawati. A. (2022). Correlaion Between Parental Interactions With Online Game Addicted Adolescents. Nursing Analysis: Journal of Nursing Research. Vol.2, No.2. p-ISSN 2807-096X. http://openjournal.wdh.ac.id/index.php/NA/article/view/439 (Sept ember 11th 2024)
Kasumawati. F. Holidah, Jasman. NA (2020). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Putri Serta Paparan Media Informasi Terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Anemia di SMA Muhammadiyah 04 Kota Depok. Edu Dharma Journal. Vol.4. No.1. 2020. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52031/edj.v4i1.36
Kasumawati. F, Holidah, A’yunin. Q (2020). Analisis Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Kelompok Usia 45-54 Tahun. EduMasda Journal. Vol.4. No.1. 2020. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.52118/edumasda.v4i1.48
Kasumawati. F, et all (2020). Kelas Cermat Mama dan Papa Menuju Keluarga Bahagia, Sehat dan Harmonis (Kecap Manis). Vol.1. No.1. DOI; http://dx.doi.org/10.52031/jam.v1i1.81
Linnet, K. M., Dalsgaard, S., Obel, C., Wisborg, K., Henriksen, T. B., Rodriguez, A., ... & Olsen, J. (2019). Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated behaviors: Review of the current evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176(5), 402–410. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18070845
McBryde, M., Fitzallen, G. C., Liley, H. G., H. Gerry Taylor, & Bora, S. (2020). Academic Outcomes of School-Aged Children Born Preterm. Europe PMC (PubMed Central), 3(4), e202027–e202027. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2027
NHS Choices. (2024). Causes - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-ADHD/causes/
Novita, D. (2019). Hubungan penggunaan gadget (smartphone) dengan suspek gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas di sd al kautsar bandar lampung.
Prasaja Prasaja, Harumi, L., & Rizka Fatmawati. (2023). Gambaran Demografi Anak Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Di Yayasan Pembinaaan Anak Cacat (YPAC) Surakarta. Profesi (Profesional Islam)/Profesi, 19(No.2),152–157. https://doi.org/10.26576/profesi.v19ino.2.105
Priscilla Cantia Kalensang, Hesti Lestari, Rompis, J., & Tatura, N. (2019). Hubungan Berat Lahir dengan Skor Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian/Hiperaktivitas pada Anak yang Memiliki Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah Kecil Masa Kehamilan. Sari Pediatri, 21(3), 170–170. https://doi.org/10.14238/sp21.3.2019.170-6
Putri, D. N. A., Kandhyawati, A. A. A. S., & Kurniawan, C. D. (2019). Pola Asuh Pada Anak Dengan Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian Dan Hiperaktivitas (ADHD) Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah Denpasar. Jurnal Medika Udayana, 8(8), 1-7.
Rapposelli, D. (2018, January 8). Premature Infants Particularly Vulnerable to ADHD. Psychiatric Times; Psychiatric Times. https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/premature-infants-particularly-vulnerable-adhd
Russell, A. E., Ford, T., Rosenberg, R., & Kelly, Y. (2016). The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A systematic review. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(3), 440–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-015-0578-3
Sayal, K., Prasad, V., Daley, D., Ford, T., & Coghill, D. (2018). ADHD in children and young people: Prevalence, care pathways, and service provision. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(2), 175–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30167-0
Septier, M., Peyre, H., Frederique Amsellem, & Delorme, R. (2019, February). Increased risk of ADHD in families with ASD. ResearchGate; Springer Nature. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327943941_Increased_risk_of_ADHD_in_families_with_ASD
Setianingsih, E. S. (2019). GADGET “Pisau Bermata Dua” Bagi Anak? Seminar Pendidikan Nasional (SENDIKA), 1(1), 397–405.
Tamana, S. K., Ezeugwu, V., Chikuma, J., Lefebvre, D. L., Azad, M. B., Moraes, T. J., ... & Mandhane, P. J. (2019). Screen-time is associated with inattention problems in preschoolers: Results from the CHILD birth cohort study. PLOS ONE, 14(4), e0213995. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213995
Thapar, A., & Cooper, M. (2016). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Lancet, 387(10024), 1240–1250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00238-X
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.