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PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI TIDAK TERKONTROL: DATA SEKUNDER INDONESIAN FAMILY LIFE SURVEY 5
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypertension remains one of the main health problems in Indonesia. Low awareness, inadequate hypertension treatment, and increasing risk factors contribute to the rising incidence of uncontrolled hypertension in the country. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and associated factors from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Wave 5. Methods: A cross-sectional study design using secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey Wave 5, conducted in 9 provinces, involving 4,566 weighted subjects. Uncontrolled blood pressure was defined as individuals diagnosed with hypertension by a health worker but who still had high blood pressure based on the average of three blood pressure measurements, according to the JNC 8 guidelines. Demographic characteristics, mental health, lifestyle factors, and disease comorbidities were examined as independent variables. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression to identify determinants of uncontrolled hypertension. Results: The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 64.5%. In the multivariate analysis, older age, female gender, lack of formal education, smoking, depression, low physical activity, obesity, and the presence of comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension (p < 0.05). Among these factors, obesity was identified as the most dominant risk factor (p < 0.05; Odds Ratio: 1.844).
Conclusion: Obesity was identified as the most dominant risk factor associated with the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension.
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Hipertensi masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia. Rendahnya kesadaran, pengobatan hipertensi yang tidak memadai, dan meningkatnya faktor risiko berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya insiden hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol di negara ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prevalensi hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol dan faktor-faktor terkait dari Survei Kehidupan Keluarga Indonesia Gelombang 5.
Metode: Desain penelitian cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder Indonesian Family Life Survey 5, yang dilakukan di 9 provinsi, melibatkan 4.566 subjek tertimbang. Tekanan darah yang tidak terkontrol didefinisikan sebagai individu yang didiagnosis hipertensi oleh tenaga kesehatan tetapi masih memiliki tekanan darah tinggi berdasarkan rata-rata tiga pengukuran tekanan darah, menurut pedoman JNC 8. Karakteristik demografi, kesehatan mental, faktor gaya hidup, dan komorbiditas penyakit diperiksa sebagai variabel independen. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik ganda untuk mengidentifikasi determinan hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol. Hasil: Prevalensi hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol adalah 64,5%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan usia lanjut, jenis kelamin perempuan, kurangnya pendidikan formal, merokok, depresi, aktivitas fisik rendah, obesitas, serta adanya komorbiditas diabetes melitus dan hiperkolesterolemia secara signifikan berhubungan dengan hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol (p < 0,05). Di antara faktor-faktor tersebut, obesitas diidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko paling dominan (p < 0,05; Rasio Odds: 1,844). Kesimpulan: Obesitas diidentifikasi sebagai faktor risiko paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan prevalensi hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52031/edj.v9i2.1133
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